How illiteracy influences people’s life Essay

In the film, â€Å"The Reader,† Kate Winslet assumed the job of Hanna Schmitz, an ignorant train conductor who was sent to prison without understanding what she has fouled up. When Hanna said the line, â€Å"I would prefer to tune in to you†¦ ,† I was moved on the grounds that these couple of words permitted me to feel for individuals who are ignorant. It gave me a brief look at the sentiments of defenselessness and disappointment they should experience in their regular day to day existence. The film additionally gave me how lack of education can influence a person’s life. In view of the way that they don't approach the data the remainder of the world has, they wind up being oppressed by the assessments of the proficient. It is unimaginable for them to build assessments as they do not have the subtleties expected to make one. Simultaneously, they are compelled to be reliant on individuals who can furnish them with this data. They are likewise under the kindness of individuals who have information in the composed law. The film likewise demonstrated me how lowering it must be not to have the option to peruse or compose. Toward the beginning of the film, she had an unsanctioned romance with a man a large portion of her age. Furthermore, at whatever point the man would peruse for her, her status blurred away in view of the manner in which she would act like a youngster sitting tight for her dad to peruse her a sleep time story. Hanna’s story shows how significant being proficient is. It assumes a significant job in a person’s life as it can change their predetermination. In this paper, I might want to discuss the progressions and impacts of education to a person’s brain and life. I might want to show how education can give keenness and capacity to an individual by experiencing crafted by Staple, Douglass and Kozel which they made so as to underscore the significance of proficiency in the majority rule world. Brent Staple, a writer and publication author for the New York Times, related the manner in which his granddad completely changed himself by figuring out how to peruse. In one of his articles, he composed: Name of Author †2-â€Å"Nevertheless, the capacity to peruse and compose gave them a vantage point on their conditions and shielded them from back-stabbers who consistently stripped uneducated individuals of land and different resources. † (p. 1) Staple’s granddad had the option to pick up his freedom by figuring out how to peruse and compose. He additionally figured out how to recognize what is acceptable based on what is awful, what can profit him and what can demolish his life. He additionally ended up with the ability to think and offer his input as he currently has a superior handle of the issues around him. Furnished with the information he had the option to get from perusing, he found the ability to settle on his own choices and battle for his privileges. He had the option to liberate himself from the jail of different people’s considerations. Another author, Frederick Douglass, who is well known for his line: â€Å"I would join with anyone to do right and with no one to do wrong,† composed an article that is corresponding to Staple’s article in the manner that he discussed the manner in which proficiency affected his life and his reasoning. Douglass’ story, notwithstanding, is very not the same as that of Staple’s granddad. In his story, he related that he figured out how to peruse covertly with the dread of being beaten. Being brought into the world a slave, Douglass was given starting with one proprietor then onto the next. The spouse of one his proprietors showed him the letters in order despite the fact that she realized that there was a law against showing slaves how to peruse. Her better half clearly opposed about this when he discovered. He accepted that a slave who picks up education will be unsatisfied with his condition and long for opportunity. Indeed, even with the danger of being gotten and whipped, Douglass figured out how to peruse with the assistance of the white kids in the area. He likewise put forth a valiant effort to watch the manner in which the request white men would compose. His point of view changed after he has achieved education. Douglas understood that individuals of color are not beasts or savages who ought to be constrained to filling in as a slave, Name of Author †3 †they reserve the privilege to be taught and regarded. As his lord anticipated, he longed for the opportunity that the white individuals have. As he keeps on figuring out how to peruse and compose, Douglass’ mentality to life is progressively changed by education. Douglass makes reference to in the article: â€Å"I read them again and again with unabated intrigue. They offer tongue to intriguing idea of my own soul†¦. The ethical which I picked up from the exchange was the intensity of truth over the inner voice of even a slaveholder. † (p. 45) By figuring out how to peruse and compose, Douglass learned the importance of words and sentences, yet the intensity of information. He gradually got mindful of his privileges as an individual and how unjustifiably the individuals of color have been dealt with. He additionally understood that absence of education is the motivation behind why the white individuals had the option to subjugate his race for such a long time. In addition to the fact that illiteracy kept them uninformed of their privileges, it additionally made them unfit to have an independent perspective, to recognize from good and bad, what is hurtful and what isn't. It additionally prevented them from obtaining the information that they have to seek after their opportunity. Thus, they were impacted by the white individuals to accept that their solitary reason in life was to work for them. With his newly discovered information, he had the option to completely change him and addition his opportunity. Simultaneously, having valued the estimation of proficiency, he gave the information to different slaves, allowing them the chance to change their own lives. In Kozol’s article, he centers around how absence of education can compromise a person’s lifestyle and thinking. He accepts that one will never truly have capacity to secure himself on the off chance that he is ignorant in light of the fact that he is consistently unconscious of what’s going on. He can’t read the unusual signs on the road that cautions him of risk or reveals to him that he is overstepping the law. Neither would he be able to peruse authoritative archives, making him helpless against being cheated. He is likewise uninformed of his privileges. Kozol Name of Author †4 †says, â€Å" They don't have the foggiest idea what rights they have, what cutoff times and necessities they face, what alternative they may decide to work out. They are half-residents. Their correct exist I print however not truth be told. † (52-53) They can't secure their own privileges since they don’t realize what their privileges are. Neither would they be able to apply their privileges or settle on a decision since they don't have the foggiest idea what their alternatives are. Similar focuses were handled by Douglas in his article when he said that individuals of color were dealt with like slaves since they were not educated and were not allowed to realize that they don't need to constrain themselves to such a status. They recently believed that would experience this bad dream for the remainder of their lives on the grounds that nobody could spare them. What they didn’t know was they could’ve spared themselves had they realized that they had rights to battle for. On the off chance that they had been proficient, they would have understood that they are not slaves and they have option to be taught and regarded in light of the fact that they are people. Ignorance, notwithstanding, has banished them to such a nightmarish presence where their fate is directed by their lords. Presently education despite everything assumes the most significant job in the public eye. On the off chance that you can't peruse and compose, it would be extremely difficult for you to live. You wouldn’t realize how to manage a great deal of things. You wouldn’t realize what is correct or wrong, what might profit you and what might hurt you. As a result of the various things that you don't have the foggiest idea, your absence of information can bring you hurt. Simultaneously, your absence of information, prevents you from having your own convictions or suppositions. Also, since you have know access to the alternatives you can look over, you wind up accepting that there are none and the main thing you can do is follow what the others are doing or to have a similar sentiment as they do. Without education, all the individuals can do is follow and comply, permitting others to assume responsibility for their own lives. On the off chance that a nation is loaded up with unskilled individuals, at that point vote based system is futile since the thoughtless larger part can be constrained by the Name of Author †5-government and the votes of the individuals who are proficient and have their own personalities can be outperformed by the individuals who aren’t. On the off chance that that is the situation, at that point the administration can turn into a tyrant in the appearance of vote based system. Thus, it is sheltered to state that without the nearness of education, there is no information. Without information, there are no decisions. What's more, without information, there is no opportunity which is the very embodiment of popular government.

How to Find Good Writing Resources With Collge Comp Essay Samples

How to Find Good Writing Resources With Collge Comp Essay SamplesIf you're having trouble writing your essay, and need help with your grammar and spelling, then college comp essay samples are exactly what you need. These e-books contain instructions on how to write good essays that have a high standard of correct grammar and spelling.A good research paper is what makes you a good researcher. Without the proper research papers, you're not going to be in any real positions to get the position that you want.By reading these articles, you'll learn about the importance of grammar and spelling, along with how to improve your writing skills, which will in turn improve your vocabulary and other language skills. A good research paper will give you a great resume, and you'll be able to stand out from the crowd.Some of the best sites to find these resources are free, but some of the best sources for college comp essay samples are not even offered at all online. One of the better places to look for this type of resource is your local college or university library.Some professors will provide these types of resources, and they may even offer other programs as well that will teach you specific topic areas that you want to learn about. It's very helpful to have a good foundation for future courses, so it's always good to have these resources at your fingertips.Your peers and teachers will also appreciate you taking some extra time to do your own research, instead of using the 'thought process' method that most students use. If you're not working on your own essay, but you're going to be submitting it to someone else, it's always best to have a good foundation.The same goes for online resources, since theses will save you time in preparing your own essay. By checking a couple different sites for the best resources, you can get all the information you need without sacrificing the quality of your work.Collge comp essay samples are a must have for those who need extra help with t heir assignments. With some of the basic resources, you can write a great research paper, and your grades will soar once you start using the additional writing resources.

The Reporting of Human Resource Accounting

Section ONE INTRODUCTION 1. 1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Indeed, bookkeeping calling is a calling that envelops other calling and that is the reason bookkeeping has as a rule been suspected of as exceptionally specialized field that must be comprehended by the experts (contracted bookkeepers). Additionally, it has frequently been called ‘the language of business. Indeed, individuals in the business world proprietors, administrators, banks, stockbrokers, financial specialists, human asset supervisors, legal counselors, to specify a couple of all uses bookkeeping terms and ideas to portray their assets and the movement of each business they take part in whether huge or little. While, as indicated by the word reference of the board by Daniel Hartzell ‘Human Resource Accounting’ is characterized as an idea that sees the workers of an association as capital resources like plant and hardware. It is essential to state here that HR bookkeeping includes estimating the expenses brought about by business associations and different substances to enlist, train, create and keep up their human capital. It additionally includes estimating the monetary estimation of individuals to association. These individuals comprise of providers, clients and the general public all in all. It's anything but an exaggeration to state that we are living in a period of bookkeeping and as such HR bookkeeping must not be viewed as a standard idea in the field of bookkeeping however as a present pattern that has come to remain. In any case, in this investigation, center will be set around HR bookkeeping and how it will be accounted for in the fiscal report, which additionally mean the capitalization of HR as an advantage which can be amortized. Despite the fact that, the value of HR might be genuinely hard to evaluate, consequently there is no motivation to esteem them at zero or not to record them in the budget summary as an advantage. In the event that the adjustment in the estimation of cash are represented, devaluation and support of plants and apparatus are likewise represented various modifications are made in material, hardware and other resource hence, consideration in the budget summary, human viewpoint which structure around seventy-five percent or a greater amount of the complete resource that makes up the creation in the associations are just represented as far as pay and wages. Keep such data separate from fiscal summary presents just twenty-five or less level of the expense of creation. In light of this, such fiscal summary doesn't give all out data to dynamic. 1. 2 STATEMENT OF* THE* PROBLEM While the idea ‘human assets accounting’ is instinctively alluring, the noteworthy issues it stances won't be hidden where no one will think to look. With the end goal of this examination the accompanying issues are territories we to proffer answer for: The potential methods for estimating the money related worth of a person in an association. The treatment of HR as an advantage for be amortized extra time in the budget summary. Step by step instructions to appraise the impact of administrative activity to worker good, profitability and turnover. To outfit an increasingly complete and practical image of the association monetary quality and the all out commitment to the economy when all is said in done. {text:list-item} The point of this examination is to assess HR bookkeeping and treatment in fiscal report. It is relevant to take note of that goals are distinguishes into two divisions; the general or expansive targets and the particular destinations. Remembering the difficult this investigation would like to give an answer for, the general goal is to accomplish a making of thought to be utilized by a further specialist for the definition of any strategy, for the money related estimation of HR and the particular destinations is the planning of a progressively complete budget report given the financial worth. {text:list-item} Employees as individual are not for the most part represented rather the estimation of their yield is represented and the pace of their compensation in the idea of pay rates and wages are represented. This examination expect to order representatives as resource and offer an incentive to them likewise and make thoughts to help the plan of measure for treating them in the budget summary. {text:list-item} The confinements to the investigation include: INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES: There is restricted library and PC offices which have net impact on this examination work. Restricted FUND: The circumstances of the economy comprise issues to understudies as identifying with raising assets. Restricted TIME: Due to the idea of the school schedule, there is practically zero time to do satisfactory research on the investigation being finished. text:list-item} The followings are the exploration question to be thought of: How can fiscal estimations of employee’s administration be set up? Will this money related worth guide the board in inward control? What are the potential impacts of the money related worth of employee’s administrations to the productivity of an association? What effect would preparing and advancement of workers have on the presentation of an association? {text:list-item} The speculations to be tried are expressed beneath: H0: Most pay explanations are fragmented without satisfactory thought and incorporation of the HR component in the fiscal summary. H1: Most salary proclamations are finished without sufficient thought and incorporation of the HR in the fiscal summary. H0: There is requirement for capitalization and amortization of HR like other fixed resource in the budget report. {text:list-item} FINANCIAL STATEMENT: This are the bookkeeping reports in regard of the monetary exercises of a venture, arranged intermittently and as a rule toward the finish of each budgetary year. These announcements structure a necessary piece of the company’s yearly report and records while their segments are determined in both CAMA and the Statement of Accounting (SAS) No. . CAPITAL ASSETS: Assets including ventures not held available to be purchased, transformation or utilization in the ordinary course of business. Capital resources are particular kinds of benefits that meet all requirements for unique treatment when additions and misfortunes result from exchanges including the advantages. AMORTIZATION: It is the discounting of advantage s, the lives of which are resolved not by disintegration or outdated nature, yet the expiry of the residency of possession. It is recognized from devaluation in that there is commonly no disintegration in the exhibition of the advantage during its life. Amortization is for immaterial resource. Upper casing: The term â€Å"capitalization† is gotten from the word â€Å"capital†. Capitalization is the way toward deciding long haul capital prerequisites of a business and getting capital for it from different wellsprings of reserve. HUMAN CAPITAL: That piece of an association capital spoke to by the capacity, experience and expertise of its work power. It alludes to the information, instruction, preparing, aptitudes and experience of a firm’s specialist that have financial incentive to the association. {text:list-item} Access Bank Plc. was fused in 1989 as a private constrained risk organization with possession living with Nigerians and institutional financial specialists. The Bank was in this way recorded on the Nigerian Stock Exchange in 1998. Access Bank Plc. is a full help corporate †business bank working through a system of over branches and administration outlets situated in every single significant focus and urban communities across Nigeria, Gambia and Sierra Leone. Access Bank is perceived as Nigeria’s quickest developing bank in the quickest developing segment of the quickest developing African economy. Access Bank had reliably developed at a triple digit across key execution pointers since 2002; an unparallel exhibition in Nigeria and undoubtedly in Africa. Accordingly, from a low positioning situation in the Nigerian financial industry in 2002, the bank had risen essentially to rank among Nigeria’s top 10 financial gatherings. Access Bank had meticulously assembled an imposing brand throughout the years in its proceeded with drive towards getting one of Nigeria’s driving money related foundations with the arrangement of its present supervisory crew in 2002. Access Bank has effectively executed a two dimensional development methodology of both natural and inorganic development with the goal of rising as one of the best three banks in Nigeria inside the following five years (2007-2012). THE POST CONSOLIDATION Access Bank Plc. was one of the first to effectively consent to the Central Bank of Nigeria’s banking combination approach through the obtaining of two Nigerian banks: Capital Bank International Plc. (earlier Commercial Bank Credit Lyonnaise Ltd) and Marina International Bank Ltd (once in the past Allied Irish Bank). The three banks’ individuals, procedures, frameworks and innovation were completely coordinated in a record time of 60 days. The Access Bank Plc. incorporation approach is currently the model for joining in the financial business. After the administration and staff of the Bank, the Netherlands Development Finance Company (FMO) of the Netherlands is among various noteworthy institutional speculators in Access Bank Plc. stock, having put US$15million in the bank by method for direct value in 2005. This portrays the level of certainty global financial specialists have in the bank, its corporate administration and the executives methodologies. The bank in 2007 directed a wonderfully fruitful neighborhood and universal open situations of regular stock which has seen its shareholders’ reserves develop by 560% to around N160billion. Section TWO LITERATURE REVIEW {text:list-item} The term ‘human assets bookkeeping has been conceptualized to include estimating the expenses brought about by business association and different substances to enroll, train, create and keep up their human capital. Yet, a diagram of this exploration study shows that if analyst must examine or research on HR bookkeeping, certain related terms, for example, HR arranging, human resour

Ethical Philosophy Ethics And Ethics - 1935 Words

Certain concepts that appear normally in everyday life sometimes contain an air of uncertainty relating to their true definitions. Typically any attempt at defining these themes results in the use of metaphorical phrasings or synonymic words. Thus no clear and constructive definition can be formed from these types of discussions. This phenomenon appears most often during in depth discussions of time, probability, and ethics. During this paper I will be focusing upon the last of these three topics. By exploring the three fields of ethical philosophy—metaethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics—and establishing how they connect with one another, will enable us to better understand the purpose behind ethical reasoning. It is important to explore this field because situations where the idea of a person’s actions being â€Å"good† or â€Å"bad† come up nearly constantly when observing society. But despite their common usage, the meaning behind such labels often remain ambiguous. Only through clarifying the true nature of such expressions will we understand their relevance to social interactions. The basis of ethical philosophy is built upon the concept of metaethics. This form of philosophical thought exists in order to discover answers to vague questions such as: What are the origins of ethics and what does ethical behavior entail? By exploring such basic ethical questions, generating clearer ideas of the more specific ethical topics will prove easier. Two main theories exist as toShow MoreRelatedEthical Principles : Ethics, And My General Ethical Philosophy1295 Words   |  6 PagesWhen people think of ethics, they think of norms or standards that help them distinguish their moral instincts in an atmosphere, but ethics is much more than that. The best way to interpret ethics, and my general ethical philosophy, is to look at your beliefs and think about your reaction if those beliefs were challenged. 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What Is Jingoism Definition and Examples

The term jingoism refers to a nation’s aggressive foreign policy which has been propelled by public opinion. The word was coined in the 1870s, during an episode in Britain’s perennial conflicts with the Russian Empire, when a popular music hall song urging military action contained the phrase, â€Å"by Jingo.† The public, viewed by the British political class as uneducated and badly informed on foreign policy, were mocked as â€Å"jingos.† The word, despite its peculiar roots, became a part of the language, and was periodically invoked to mean those crying for aggressive international action, including warfare, in any nation. In the modern world, the term jingoism is invoked to mean any aggressive or bullying foreign policy. Key Takeaways: Jingoism The term jingoism refers to excessive and especially belligerent patriotism leading to an aggressive or bullying foreign policy.The term dates to the 1870s, against the background of the British having to decide how to counter perceived Russian moves against Turkey.The word has a peculiar source: the phrase by Jingo appeared in an 1878 music hall song pushing for military action against Russia.The term has become part of the language, and is still used to criticize aggressive foreign policy. Jingoism Definition and Origin The story of how the expression â€Å"by jingo,† a British expression essentially meaning â€Å"by golly,† came to enter the vernacular of politics begins in the spring of 1877. Russia went to war with Turkey, and the British government led by Benjamin Disraeli as prime minister had grave concerns. If Russia triumphed and captured the city of Constantinople, it could create a number of serious problems for Britain. From that position the Russians could, if they wanted, seek to block Britain’s vital trade routes with India. The British and the Russians had been rivals for years, with Britain at times invading Afghanistan to block Russian designs in India. In the 1850s the two nations had clashed in the Crimean War. Therefore, the idea of Russia’s war with Turkey somehow involving Britain was a possibility. Public opinion in England seemed to settle on staying out of the conflict and remaining neutral, but that began to change in 1878. Partisans supporting a more aggressive policy began breaking up peace meetings, and in London’s music halls, the equivalent of vaudeville theaters, a popular song appeared that called for a stronger stance. Some of the lyrics were: â€Å"We don’t want to fightBut by Jingo if we do,We’ve got the ships, we’ve got the men, we’ve got the money too.We won’t let the Russians get to Constantinople!† The song caught on and spread widely through the public. Advocates of neutrality began to deride those calling for war by labeling them â€Å"jingoes.† The Turkish-Russian war ended in 1878 when, with pressure from Britain, Russia accepted a truce offer. A British fleet sent to the area helped apply pressure. Britain never actually entered the war. However, the concept of â€Å"jingoes† lived on. In its original usage, connected to the music hall song, a jingo would have been someone from the uneducated class, and the original usage carried the connotation that jingoism was derived from the passions of a mob. Over time, the class element of the meaning faded away, and jingoism meant someone, from any social strata, who favored a very aggressive, and even bullying, foreign policy. The word had its period of greatest usage in the decades from the late 1870s to World War I, after which it tended to fade in importance. However, the word still surfaces with regularity. Jingoism vs. Nationalism Jingoism is sometimes equated with nationalism, but they have distinctly different meanings. A nationalist is someone who believes citizens owe their loyalty to their nation. (Nationalism can also carry negative connotations of excessive national pride to the point of bigotry and intolerance.) Jingoism would embrace an aspect of nationalism, the fierce loyalty to one’s own nation, but would also incorporate the idea of projecting a very aggressive foreign policy, and even the waging of war, on another nation. So, in a sense, jingoism is nationalism taken to an extreme position with regards to foreign policy. Examples of Jingoism The term jingoism came to America and was used during the 1890s, when some Americans fervently promoted entry into what became the Spanish-American War. The term was also later used to criticize the foreign policy of Theodore Roosevelt. In early 1946, the term was used in a headline of the New York Times to describe actions being taken by General Douglas MacArthur in Japan. The headline, which read MArthur Purges Japan of Jingoes In Public Office described how the extreme militarists of Japan were being barred from participating in the postwar government. The term has never gone completely out of use, and is periodically mentioned to criticize actions seen as bullying or belligerent. For example, an opinion columnist of the New York Times, Frank Bruni, referred to the jingoism of Donald Trumps foreign policy in a column published on October 2, 2018. Sources: Jingoism. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, edited by William A. Darity, Jr., 2nd ed., vol. 4, Macmillan Reference USA, 2008, pp. 201-203. Gale Virtual Reference Library.CUNNINGHAM, HUGH. Jingoism. Europe 1789-1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of Industry and Empire, edited by John Merriman and Jay Winter, vol. 3, Charles Scribners Sons, 2006, pp. 1234-1235. Gale Virtual Reference Library.

Media s Impact On The Media - 1007 Words

Most of us watch television or listen to the radio on our commute in order to be up to date with the surrounding events. We depend on those sources of mass media to relay relevant and reliable information in order for us to understand pressing issues and formulate our opinions pertaining to the best approach in dealing with those issues. But what if the information relayed to us is biased and skewed or worse yet if those sources of information divert attention away from pressing matters and place the individuals in an oblivious state. The fact of the matter is that news organizations are more trusted sources of information than are many other institutions, including government and business. And the public’s impression of the national media†¦show more content†¦He gave an example that in his book of when wall street journal ran a story about how the federal safety officials were investigating an issue with certain GE airplane engines that had faulty parts that can disintegrate and cause a catastrophic failure, a problem that affected more than four thousand airplanes that transport thousands of passengers every day. The writer continues to state that he found this information to be very important to the public and that it needs to be covered by the news channel he worked for which was CNBC at the time, part of NBC network. But since NBC is owned by GE the agency decided not to run the story. Another persistent matter is the distraction and the diversion of public attention by the media, a strategy that is used as the primary element of social control. Its sole goal is to drive attention away from important issues and changes determined by the political and economic elites, by the technique of flooding continuous distractions and insignificant information. Noam Chomsky in his book Media Control, talks about how domestic programs of the administrations of the past ten years have really no serious proposal about what to do about the severe problems of health, education, homelessness, joblessness, crime, soaring criminal populations, jails, deterioration in the inner cities and a whole another raft of

Developmental Perspective free essay sample

The study of these variations as well as how differences within and among the variations emerge, help in understanding the ways to adapt to various social and cultural environs, thus facilitating a broader understanding of human behaviour. Development spans the life from the prenatal period to old age and death. Through this process the stages of infancy, childhood and adolescence are identified as critical times in an individual’s life as most growth, learning and change occur through these periods. Taking a developmental approach to understanding one’s life-span highlights the importance of culture as a relevant factor in the variation in the different phases of life. The article discusses the value of children and family change. It identifies that the mediating variable between socio-cultural environmental factors and individual outcomes is the ‘value of children’ (VOC). This value is the underlying reason for the motives for having children and constitutes the determining aspect of childhood in every cultural setting. We will write a custom essay sample on Developmental Perspective or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There was significant variance in the value attributed to children across countries of different socio-economic differences as well as within the levels of socio-economic differences in individual countries. Smith et al. , identify three models of family: 1) the family model of interdependence, 2) the family model of independence and, 3) the family model of psychological interdependence. These models seek to explain the development of the family in a cultural context. Within the third model, the individual sense of self is observed and defined as the autonomous-relational self-construal. This type of self-construct integrates the need for relatedness and the need for autonomy. In essence the article illustrates the reflection of cultural values and the continuity of culture through child-rearing. It identifies the remake of culture in a socio-economic context through urbanization and immigration. Therefore, in studying human behaviour across cultures, global human diversity is defined as a product of the value attributed to children, family patterns and the emergence of self.

Impact of Control Mechanisms on the Management Functions in Boeing Company

Biography of Maslow and Start of his Career

Biography of Maslow and Start of his Career Abraham Maslow was born in 1908, in Brooklyn, New York. His parents were Jews who had immigrated into America from Russia. They wanted their children to achieve the best in the new world hence they pushed Maslow to succeed in school. Consequently, Maslow found solace only in books after developing loneliness as he grew up.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Biography of Maslow and Start of his Career specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He first studied law at the City College of New York (CCNY) in a bid to satisfy his parents. He moved to Cornell after the first three semesters and then returned to CCNY. He got married to his first cousin, Bertha Goodman, despite the fact that his parents had opposed his marriage to Bertha. Maslow and Bertha got two daughters and then moved to Wisconsin for Abraham to enroll at the University of Wisconsin. While there, he gained interest in psychology as his academic work started to improve suddenly . Abraham took some time to interact with Harlow, who was credited for his studies on attachment behavior and experiments with the rhesus monkeys. He continued with his education until he received a PhD in 1934. One year after he had graduated, Maslow went back to New York to work with E.L Thorndike at Columbia where his interest to research on human sexuality continued to grow. While he taught full time at Brooklyn College, his interaction with Europeans who immigrated into the US became significant. Some of the people he interacted with included Fromm, alder, Horney and other Freudian and Gestalt psychologists. Between 1951- 1969, he was the chairman of psychology department at Brandeis. While at Brandeis, Abraham met Kurt Goldstein, author of ‘The Organism,’ who had introduced the idea of self-actualization in his book. This marked the period Abraham began his advocacy for humanistic psychology, which was very important to him. In the 1940s, Maslo w came up with one of the most remarkable hierarchies in his career, that of inborn needs. He was a professor at Brooklyn College and his goal was to understand and give explanations to the things that motivated human beings. He did this by combining approaches that existed such as behaviorist, Freudian, cognitive and gestalt approaches to make one theory. He argued that the individual approaches were comprised of reasonable points only that they did not include personality in its broader view. Maslow formulated a theory that argued that the motivation behind the actions of human beings was their needs, which he represented in the form of a five-level pyramid. The most important physiological needs were at the bottom of the pyramid while advanced psychological needs appeared as the pyramid progressively went higher. Maslow invented another field of study at the height of the Second World War, which involved the study of high-achieving individuals who were emotionally healthy. He lat er referred to them as self-actualizing individuals. He started by analyzing the characteristics of his mentors and the results of his investigations excited him.Advertising Looking for research paper on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He recorded in his diary that his thoughts on the self-actualizing man were not of ordinary men who had certain things added, but ordinary men who had lost nothing. He described average men as human beings whose powers were inhibited and dampened. Maslow conducted interviews on individuals who had achieved a lot of things and was surprised to find out that most of them had reached the peak of their lives. They had experienced instances of great fulfillment and joy. In addition, their psychological health increased their happy moments. Most of the individuals he interviewed did not share in conventional religion. The language they used to describe their happiness peaks was vi rtually mystical and was mostly associated with feelings of success and family relations. Maslow published his famous book, Motivation and Personality in 1954. It was a comprehensive synthesis of the many years he had spent advancing theories about the nature of human beings, something that had earned him international recognition. He was very optimistic about human nature and this stirred a lot of interest in the field. He used his position as the head of psychology department at Brandeis University to bring humanistic thinkers such as Victor Frankl and Suzuki to the university to give lectures. Maslow’s career continued to grow significantly in the 1960s when employers wanted to get his advice on how to motivate their workers. The approach he used on employee engagement had a significant impact on regions where new concepts were being introduced. Maslow increased the popularity of the term synergy in a bid to explain work teams where the whole was important than all its par ts. He argued that it was possible to increase the productivity and innovative capacity of employees if they were urged to fully use their strengths through challenging and exciting tasks . In 1967, Maslow suffered a serious heart attack which forced him to relocate to San Francisco Bay together with his wife Bertha because the climate was milder. Although his health continued to deteriorate, his passion for writing, teaching, consulting and interest in human potential never declined. After his death in 1970, his ideas continued to inspire many people around the world. Maslow’s Pyramid of Human Needs In his earlier studies of monkeys, Maslow had discovered that the degree of importance of human needs varied. For example, if a people were hungry and thirsty at the same time, they tried to quench their thirst first. It was possible for an individual to miss food for several days. Thirst was therefore considered more serious than hunger. Likewise, if a person was thirsty then go t choked such that he could not breathe, the need to breathe became important than the need to quench thirst .Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Biography of Maslow and Start of his Career specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Using this idea that some needs were more urgent than others, Maslow came up with the famous hierarchy of needs. Apart from the basic needs such as food, air, water and sex, Maslow expanded the category of needs and included physiological needs, esteem needs, need for love and belonging, safety and security needs and self-actualization needs. Physiological Needs These included needs for oxygen, protein, water, protein, salt, calcium and other minerals and vitamins. They also included the need to have a balanced PH and temperature. Physiological needs also comprised of the needs to rest, be active, eliminate wastes such (CO2, swear, urine) and to avoid pain. Maslow categorized such needs as i ndividual ones whose absence caused individuals to look for them. Safety and Security Needs This second level of needs came in when the physiological needs were adequately taken care of. After these needs were fulfilled, the interest of people was to look for security and protection. Physiological needs were no longer important since the focus shifted to the need for safety and security. The evident of these needs was the desire for individuals to feel safe in their neighborhoods and also have financial security in their places of work. Love and Belonging Needs After physiological and safety needs were fulfilled, the third level started to emerge. Individuals started to feel the need to have friends, children, and affectionate relationships in general. They became increasingly vulnerable to social anxieties and loneliness. The evidence of the needs for love and belonging was the desire of human beings to have families and be recognized by the community members as part of the communi ty. Esteem Needs After the first three levels were filled up, individuals began to look for self-esteem. Maslow identified a lower and a higher version of esteem needs. The lower version comprised of the needs for respect of others, status, fame, glory, attention, recognition and dignity. The higher version was characterized by self-respect needs and a feeling that they were competent, confident, free and that they had achieved. This constituted the higher version which was different from needs such as respect for other individuals. When human beings acquired self-respect, it was not easily lost. The negative side of these needs was seen through inferiority complex and sel-esteem. Maslow reckoned with the proposal made by Adler that these needs formed the basis of psychological problems. In developed countries, majority of the people did not strife to fulfill safety and physiological needs. More often, they had love and a sense of belonging. What proved difficult for them to get was some little respect.Advertising Looking for research paper on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Maslow referred to the preceding four levels as deficit or D-needs. If individuals lacked something i.e. deficit, they felt the need. But if their needs were completely fulfilled they did not have the feelings of need. This meant that they were no longer motivated to fulfill the needs because they were already fulfilled . Maslow made reference to homeostasis in a bid to explain the four levels. Homeostasis is a principle of operation used by the furnace thermostat. It switches the heat on and off depending on whether it is cold or hot. In the same manner, Maslow explained that when the body lacked a particular substance, it developed hunger for the substance. When it got enough supply of the substance, the hunger disappeared. The homeostatic principle was extended to needs such as belonging, safety and esteem. He argued that the needs were essentially survival needs which were built in human beings genetically. Maslow argued that the development of human beings generally took place in stages which were represented by the various levels. As newborns, people focused on physiological needs. After sometime, their focus was shifted to the need to be safe and secure. Soon after, they started to look for attention and affection. Later, they began to look for self esteem. When people were exposed to stressful situations or life was difficult for them, they changed to needs that were lower in the hierarchy. When individuals lost their jobs, they usually sought little attention. When people had problems in their families and their family members left them, love became their most important need during such moments. Maslow added that the same things occurred to the society. When the society suddenly got into problems, people started to look for a strong leader to lead the society and take things to their normal course. When they did not have food, their needs were more basic because food was a basic need . Maslow pointed out that sometimes human beings were required to ex plain their life philosophies. This involved asking them what their ideal world or life would be like. If people went through serious problems during their development such as extreme insecurity, death or separation of family members and neglect, it was possible for to fixate on such needs throughout their lives. This was how Maslow understood neurosis. For instance, he pointed out that people who experienced separation of their parents wee likely to feel insecure even when they got married. They were constantly afraid of being left because they felt that they were not good enough for their partners. Maslow and the Concept of Self-actualization The level of self-actualization in the hierarchy of needs invented by Maslow was a bit different. He used different terms to make reference to this level. For example, it was referred to as growth motivation instead of deficit motivation and he also named it self actualization. The needs at this level did not require homeostasis or balance. I ndividuals continued to feel them once they were engaged and were likely to become stronger once they were fed. Individuals were characterized by a continuous urge to fulfill potentials and become all that they could become. The needs basically involved individuals becoming the best they could become hence acquiring the feeling of self-actualized individuals (Franken, 2001). For this level to be attained, Maslow argued that it was important for the lower needs to be fulfilled first. If individuals struggled for food, they had to get food first, if they felt unloved and insecure, they had to look for love and security first. He pointed out that with the difficulties that existed in the world, only a small percentage of people attained self actualization. This argument raised a pertinent question of what Maslow really meant by self-actualization. In order to answer the question, he described people he considered to have attained self- actualization through a method he referred to as b iographical analysis. Maslow started by sampling a group of historical people he knew well and people he thought fulfilled the requirements of self-actualized people. Some of the people in the group were Abraham Lincoln, William James, and Eleanor Roosevelt among others. He then carefully studied the biographies of these individuals, their acts and writings and derived qualities that seemingly defined them. These were qualities that were not possessed by the rest of the common people. The individuals were reality centered which meant that they were able to differentiate fake and dishonest things from the ones that were genuine and honest. They were problem centered to mean that they looked at difficulties and problems of life that needed solutions not as troubles that required people to give up on them. They perceived means and ends in their unique way because according to them, the saying that the end justified the means was not always applicable. According to them, the means could be ends themselves to imply that the journey was more crucial than the ends. Self-actualized individuals also related with other individuals in different ways. First, they did not like company since they were happy when they stayed alone. However, they preferred deeper personal relations with selected friends as opposed to shallow relations with a large number of people. They were independent from physical and social needs and were not vulnerable to social pressure due to their nonconformist nature. To some extent, they also had mild humor since they did not want to appear humorous or crack jokes to other people. Maslow pointed out that self-actualizers had a quality he called acceptance of self and others. They accepted people the way they were instead of trying to change them to be the way they thought they were supposed to be. They directed the same acceptance towards themselves since they did not struggle to change their negative qualities. This quality enabled them to achieve spontaneity and simplicity since they did not portray themselves as different people. They always remained themselves. Further, these self- actualized individuals were respectful and had humility towards other people. Maslow described this quality as possession of democratic values which implied that they were not against individual and ethnic varieties but instead treasured them. Again, Maslow called this human kinship which was characterized by strong ethics . Moreover, this group of people was characterized by an ability to discern wonder in ordinary things, a quality Maslow referred to as freshness of appreciation. This enabled them to be creative, original and inventive. Finally, they exhibited a higher degree of peak experiences in comparison with the average people. Peak experiences were experiences that took individuals out of themselves and made them feel very tiny. Such experiences were sought after by many people because they influenced them positively. According to Maslo w, individuals who had attained self actualization were not perfect because he identified various flaws in their characters. First, he found out that they experienced moments of guilt and were anxious at other moments although their guilt was a bit realistic. Some of them exhibited signs of absentmindedness and were extremely kind. Others were characterized by unpredictable ruthlessness moments and loss of humor. The strongest qualities Maslow discovered of the self actualized individuals were that they had natural values which flowed from their personalities effortlessly. They also rose above certain societal dynamics that were deemed undeniable by other individuals. These included differences such as the ones that existed between masculine and feminine or selfish and generous (Daniel, 2001). Discussion of Maslow’s Work The contribution made by Maslow in personality theories was very significant. In the 1960s to be particular, people had lost faith in the mechanistic message s from the physiological and behaviorist psychologists. They were in search of meaning and purpose in their lives. They possibly looked for higher and mystical levels of meaning. Maslow was among the scholars who tried tirelessly to find the relevance of psychology among human beings and expounded on personality. During the same time, another movement was in place. Some of the things that inspired this movement were the same things that had turned Maslow off. They included computers and information processing, and the rationalistic theories such as the cognitive development theory developed by Jean Piaget and Linguistics by Noam Chomsky. This took root as the cognitive movement in psychology. Criticism of Maslow’s Work Although Maslow made significant contributions in the field of psychology, his work was not without criticism. The most common criticism was in relation to the methodology he used to conduct his study. It was argued that Maslow picked a few individuals he consi dered to have attained self-actualization then read about them and came up with conclusions regarding what self-actualization was. This was not credible science to most people. However, he knew this in his study and hoped that others would take over what he had started and expand his work. People were curious that Maslow who founded American Humanism had begun his career in the field of behaviorism with a strong inclination to physiology. He was not indeed a believer in science and often biology formed the basis of his ideas. The other reason why the work of Maslow was criticized was that he complicated the concept of self-actualization so much. Self-actualization had been described by Kurt and Carl Rodgers as what every living creature did including growing and fulfilling its biological destiny. Maslow limited this definition into something that was achieved by only two percent of the living things. The argument by Rodgers that babies were an apt example of self-actualization was r efuted by Maslow by saying that children rarely attained self-actualization . Maslow argued that individuals fulfilled their lower needs before they attained self- actualization. This was questioned because there were many examples of individuals who had achieved self-actualization yet their low level needs had not been fulfilled. Many known people had experienced poverty, depression, bad upbringing and other traumatizing experiences as they grew up. It was questionable if all these individuals never portrayed some form of self actualization. References Boeree, G. (2006). Abraham Maslow: 1908-1970. Web. Carducci, B. (2009). The Psychology of Personality:Viewpoints, Research, and Applications. New York: Wiley-Blackwell. Daniel, M. (2001).Maslows Concept of Self-actualization. Web. Engler, B. (2008). Personality Theories: An Introduction. Washington: Cengage Learning. Ewen, R. (2003). An introduction to theories of personality. New Jersey: Routledge. Franken, R. (2001).Human Motivatio n. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole. Goble, F. (2004). The Third Force: The Psychology of Abraham Maslow. New York: Maurice Bassett. Hoffman, E. (2011). The Life and Legacy of Abraham Maslow. Web. Huitt, W. (2007). Maslows hierarchy of needs. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta. Web. Schultz, D., Ellen, S. (2011). A History of Modern Psychology. New York: Cengage Learning.

Case Study for Student Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case Study for Student Analysis - Essay Example There were many issues with the recruiting round Carl Robbins realized. Carl started his college recruiting round in April. He was supposed to have everything ready within three months. Carl scheduled an orientation for the new employees on June 15 so that the recruits would be ready for work by the start of July. Monica as the manager contacted Carl on May 15th to ensure everything would be ready on time. Carl reassured her he had everything under control. It became apparent from the case that Carl was either incompetent or simply did not realize all the leg work that had to be performed prior to getting these employees ready for work. Carl needed to have in place the training schedule, orientation, manuals, policy booklets, physicals and drug tests. Carl could not do this alone and he needed help in the process. The problem was that Carl never asked for any help since there were internal communication problems at ABC. Two weeks prior to the deadline Carl did not have the documentat ion in place including a lack of drug testing for the applicants. On top of these problems Carl at the last moment realized that the training room he need to perform the two week orientation for the employees had not been separated for that purpose due to the fact that Joe from technical services had the room separated for computer training seminars for the new database software implementation. Carl Robbins is in a lot of trouble right now and he needs alternative solutions to the problem. The first solution to the problem would be to cancel the entire recruiting process and start all over. This solution is not too good because it would cost the company thousands of dollars and more importantly it would cost the firm over three months of valuable time. The firm already started investing money and resources in the recruiting process of the 15 new employees. Monica

Budgeting Process for the State of New York Essay

Budgeting Process for the State of New York - Essay Example As the discussion highlights  the first step of the budget process starts at the subdepartmental level. During this stage, the staff working in various agencies prepares their own requests as directed by the heads of departments. During the same time the agency head arrange for meetings with the program managers during when the budgetary needs of the agency programs are discussed. Even though the official stage of budget preparation takes place between June and September, the agencies analyze their budgetary needs as early as April, May or June. With the issue of a policy memorandum or the call letter to the heads of the agencies by the budget director, the budget process starts.  This essay discusses that a program package is then prepared by each of agency which is then reviewed by the division of the budget before it is approved by the heads of the agencies. Even though it is the staff at the top agency office who decide on the final submission of the agencies, the formulation of the budget requests are different in each of the agencies. In addition, the agency officials who are under obligatory to serve their agency constituencies as needed by the constitution must adhere to the rules set by the governor and the budget director. A notable aspect of the formal budget hearings is that only the representatives selected by the fiscal committee attend the hearing and ask questions. The hearings are closed to the members of the public; however the process is fair and all inclusive. Review of the budget After the heads of agencies approves the program package, the agencies submits the budget requests for review and analysis. The major body within the division of budget that is responsible for the review and the analysis of the budget is the examination body. Apart from analyzing of the budget requests, the examination body may seek for extra information from the agencies regarding their requests. Likewise, the unit holds meeting with the heads of the agencies

Logic of the Sea Essay Example for Free

Logic of the Sea Essay The article The Duty of Inquiry comes from the book The Ethics of Belief by William Kingdon Clifford. The author, William Clifford is a notable English philosopher and mathematician of the 19th century. This article talks about belief and how it necessitates responsible inquiry. It asserts that belief should be accompanied by reasonable investigation rather than baseless assertions. Also, we are the ones responsible for our belief regardless of the consequences (Clifford). These arguments were delivered using hypothetical situations pertaining to belief and the importance of inquiry. The author’s main argument is that our beliefs precede our actions and even the result of these actions, which is why we have to take full responsibility of these beliefs through appropriate means of inquiry. The author starts by presenting a hypothetical situation of a ship owner and his vessel. The ship owner’s vessel is about to set sail across the ocean with a lot of emigrants aboard. However, the owner thinks that the ship may have some problems, and perhaps it is not fit to set sail at all, however, he thinks that it is all too expensive to repair. He gives it some more thought, clearing his mind of the doubts, establishing a firm idea that his ship is still capable of sailing. He has convinced himself and he clearly disregarded his prior suspicions, and he finally permits he ship to set sail. The inevitable happens, the ship sank, and all those aboard died or were lost at sea. The ship owner collects the insurance, but deep inside him he is guilty of what happened to the passengers. The ship owner may be sincere with his admission of guilt; however, this is already irrelevant in this situation. It’s because the belief that he conjured were not made from careful investigation, rather it was from stifling his doubts, from disproving by himself whatever thought of uncertainty he had in the first place. In this situation, the ship owner’s guilt is from the fact that he was the one who knowingly and willingly created the frame of mind that made him to believe that his ship can still sail. He had doubts in the beginning but he was able to convince himself, though his decision is made out of preference rather than what is real. He didn’t do anything to check up on the ship, to see whether his doubts may hold true or not, instead he just thought about it, thought that it was alright, and made up his mind that it was indeed all right. He is guilty because he didn’t do the appropriate inquiry to verify or disprove his thoughts. Rather than acting upon it, he just thought about it, which if we look at it carefully, it’s a bit careless since a lot of lives are at stake. The author then asserts that the ship owner’s guild is actually determined regardless of its effects, so whatever the consequences of his beliefs, he is still responsible for it. After giving it some thought, even though the ship may have successfully sailed at that time or even for many more times, the mere fact that he has somehow believed that the ship was unworthy of sailing, he is still responsible for it. His guilt is already determined whether or not the ship survives. It is not about the consequences of the action, but about the belief he had already conjured. From the moment he thought about it, he is already responsible for his belief, so it is his task that to know about his thoughts, to take appropriate means of inquiry in order verify or confirm it. The author then presents another hypothetical situation, this time regarding religious teaching. It is about a prominent personality who is constantly attacked in an organized way, only to find out after further investigations that the accusations made about him were all false. Because of this, the accusations were immediately discredited. This situation is important because it proves that any reasonable effort to know the truth or reality of situation given could indeed disconfirm or disprove any of the accusations initially made. This means that because of the effort exerted to know what’s real, the accusations made in the first place are already disconfirmed. Even though the charges directed towards the person were sincere, they are still irrelevant to this situation. The basis of this is that the beliefs presented initially were just based on preference; the accusations made towards that person were the result of their prejudice or perhaps their passion without really giving any attention to factual evidence. So based on this, they really had no right to believe on whatever is presented before them. So when effort is made to verify any of this, it could be regarded as an act to disprove the accusations, and supports the author’s argument that the morality of the question is already settled even though the consequences are known. The author employed the steps in this order so that the reader could build up on the assumption that indeed beliefs should correspond to the appropriate inquiry. Without inquiry, these beliefs were just worthless, and it wouldn’t be justified by whatever consequences. By carefully analyzing the hypothetical situations posed by William Clifford, we can see that indeed, belief should be accompanied by reasonable investigation rather than baseless assertions, and that we re responsible for these beliefs. We can achieve this by through appropriate means of inquiry. Work Cited: Clifford, William Kingdon. The Ethics of Belief. 1877. December 12 2009. http://ajburger. homestead. com/files/book. htm#ethics.

Teaching ESL Writing (Final Paper) -- Education Learning Essays

Teaching ESL Writing At times the plethora of professional journals and the myriad subjects treated therein seems like little more than a dizzying exercise in redundancy and a forum for education professionals to justify their worth in a competitive job market; however, I would like to think that there is a hidden value for those of us whose brains seem to operate in what some might call a â€Å"spiral† rhetorical pattern, that as we work our way around and around certain issues related to composition instruction, we are moving gradually upward toward broader understanding and better practice. Some studies seem to do little more than show the need for more studies, their authors falling back on such standard phrases as, â€Å"clearly more research is needed,† but that at least is evidence that we’re moving toward something – we’re trying to pinpoint the exact gap between educational practice as we know it and as we sense it might exist in an improved state. So, it is with this hope in mind that I’ve undertaken yet another literature review, consuming the writings of others in order to find a specific gap in (at least my own) understanding of educational practice as it relates to college-level ESL composition students in general, and to college-level ESL students with learning disabilities (LD) specifically. For the purposes of this paper I shall borrow Skinner and Gilespie’s definition of learning disabilities as follows: [Learning disabled persons are those] of average or above average intelligence who have difficulty mastering skills in reading and spelling (often in the form of dis- lexia), and /or writing, or math. ... ...es. March/April 2001, 34, 2. 136-152. Munro, Murray J. and Tracey M. Derwing. â€Å"Foreign Accent, Comprehensibility, and Inteligibility.† Language Learning. June 1999, 49, 2. 285-111. Poon-McBrayer, Kim Feng and Shernaz B. Garcia. â€Å"Profiles of Asian American Students with Learning Disabilities at Initial Referral, Assessment, and Place- ment in Special Education.† Journal of Learning Disabilities. Jan/Feb 2001, 33, 1. 61-71. Skinner, Louise and Phyllis Gillespie. â€Å"The Challenge of Adult Literacy: Students with Learning Disabilities in the ABE Classroom.† Adult Basic Education. Fall 2000, 10, 3. Spack, Ruth. â€Å"Student Meets Text, Text Meets Student: Finding a Way into Academic Discourse.† Reading in the Composition Classroom: Second Language Perspectives. Ed. Joan G. Carson and Ilona Leki. Boston: Heinle & Heinle Publishers, 1993. 183-196.

Ancient Polytheistic Religion Compared to Judaism

Ancient polytheistic religion compared to Judaism Ancient polytheistic and Judaism are two of the most opposite beliefs possible. Polytheistic belief is the belief in more than just one god. Polytheism was brought to this world by the ancient Egyptians and the ancient Greeks. The Greek gods often took on the form of being humans while the Egyptian gods were the main cornerstone to their beliefs and religion. Judaism or the belief of Monotheism is the belief in one main god. Monotheism we brought to the world by the Jewish culture. It was originated from the Hebrew bible and is one of the oldest religions still living today.Judaism was a monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethical ideas embodied mainly in the Torah and the Talmud. The Torah and the Talmud are part of the sacred book of the Jews which is the bible. The first civilization appeared to have arisen in Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia was founded by a group of people called the Sumerians during the fourth mil lennium B. C. E. It lies in the Tigris-Euphrates Valley. The Sumerians and their successors were polytheistic which means they worshiped many gods and goddesses. Their Gods and Goddesses were visualized in human form, with human needs and weaknesses.The Mesopotamians believed that the human race was created to serve the gods. The Mesopotamian temples were run like great households where the gods were fed fantastic meals, entertained with music, and honored with ritual. The Mesopotamians had a very gloomy picture of the afterworld. They were confined to a dusty dark netherworld, doomed with hunger and thirst unless someone offered them food or drink. There was no reward in being religious because everyone was in equal misery. Religion played a huge part in the literature and art of Mesopotamia.Poems were told of the deeds of the gods, like how the world was created. Also poems were told of the great hero king Gilgamesh, who tried to escape death by going on a journey to find the sole survivor of the great flood. The religious architecture was in the form of temples in the cities. As the Mesopotamian civilization rose up in the valley of Tigris and Euphrates, the Egyptian civilization was centered on the Nile River. The Egyptians were also a polytheistic religion, in that they believed in many gods. Egyptian Gods have human bodies, with human or animal heads, and wear crowns or thorns.Egyptian Gods were gods of different things such as the sky, sun, earth, and music. The Egyptians worship took place at small shrines; they left offerings to the chosen gods as well as simple prayers. The Egyptians believed that there afterlife was full of dangers, but those dangers could be overcame by magical spells in the Book of the Dead. Also the Egyptians believed in the preservation of the body and that it was essential for the afterlife. The Hittites were an Indo-European, speaking a language that was related to the Greek and Sanskrit.The Hittites adopted Mesopotamian writi ng along with many other aspects of the Mesopotamian culture, including polytheism. The discovery of iron was found in the Hittites region, somewhat before the creation of their kingdom. The discovery led to the making of iron weapons and tools rather than copper ones. The Discovery of the iron led to the beginning of the Iron Age. Other ancient societies that were polytheistic were the Persians, and the Assyrians. The Israelites possessed little worldly power or wealth, but they created a powerful religion, known as Judaism which is a form of monotheism.Judaism was the first and the longest lasting form of monotheism in a world of polytheism. Judaism is a part of two other religions that have played a big role in the history of the world, Christianity and Islam. Monotheism is the belief in one universal god, who was the creator and ruler of the universe. The Jewish God is neither a natural force nor like human beings, or any other kind of creature; he is so elevated that those who believe in him may not picture him in any form. I personally best relate to Judaism and believing in one single god because I practice the religion of Christianity.I believe the words of the bible and how God is said to have created all forms of life and all things. I grew up in a religious family where we attended masses weekly on Sunday mornings and prayed before and after our meals. I believe that the religion you have been raised up into plays a huge role on your worldview that you best identify with. Along with your family I also believe it’s your own personal ethics that play a role in your worldview of religion. Your ethics are based on what you believe is right or wrong.In my religion of being a Catholic, I believe that God created all things and sent Adam and Eve to represent him in man form. I also believe that Jesus Christ died on the cross, rose to heaven and then came back to earth for human salvation and to save us from sin. The reason I don’t believe in Polytheism is because I find it hard to believe that there would be gods for many different parts of our world. I also think that if a God is suppose to be worshipped and treated like an all-mighty that there should only be one person or God treated with the most significant amount of respect.

Research Paper Illiteracy - 9348 Words

Topic: Literacy Statement of the Problem: An investigation into how the level of literacy affects form two pupils’ progress in content literacy at Coryal High School. Background to the Problem This problem began at the primary level where students missed out on basic concepts. These basic concepts were taught at the infant level at primary school. These students operating at the frustration level of reading never understood those concepts. These students proceeded from the infant level to standard five, without having a basic understanding of reading concepts. Since this problem was never resolved at primary level, it is now being transferred to secondary level. Moreover, since the removal of the Post Primary Centres,†¦show more content†¦Think Aloud: An instructional procedure used to aid comprehension by demonstrating the active thinking process of the reader’s mind. Content Literacy: The ability to use reading and writing for the acquisition of new content in a given discipline. Thoughtful Literacy: To ponder deeper meanings, wrapping themselves around the ideas and critiquing the author. Emergent Literacy: a continuum of understandings that lead to a student’s ability to associate letter sounds and meanings to printed words and to read and write successfully. Instructional Level: Teaching Level Frustration level: This level is to be avoided. It is the lowest level of readability. Independent Level: Students read on their own without any difficulty Reciprocal teaching: The investigation of metacognitive and cognitive strategies in the context of dialogue among teachers and students. Delimitation of the Study: The study focuses on students of Coryal High School both boys and girls in form two between the ages of thirteen to sixteen. Basic Assumptions: The researcher assumes that students entering secondary school would be at an independent level of reading and not at instructional level, or even worse frustration level. 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